Cervical Cancer Prevention: The Importance of Regular Screenings

Cervical cancer is an important concern in women’s health. It is the second most common cancer among Indian women, accounting for 10% of all cancer cases. In fact, it is the fourth most common cancer globally. There’s a way to tackle this. We are hinting at regular screenings.

Importance of Regular Screenings

Regular cervical cancer screenings are vital for women's health, as they can detect changes in the cervix before cancer develops. Early identification of abnormalities allows healthcare providers to initiate appropriate interventions, preventing the progression of cervical cancer. 

The American Cancer Society recommends that cervical cancer screening should start at 25 years old. Between ages 25 and 65, a primary HPV test should be done every 5 years. If a primary HPV test isn't possible, screening can be done with a co-test (combining an HPV test with a Pap test) every 5 years or a Pap test alone every 3 years.

Common Cervical Cancer Screening Methods

Here are some common screening methods:

Pap Smear 

A Pap smear is also known as a Pap test. It's a simple process that involves collecting cells from the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. In some cases, a Pap smear may also include a test for HPV (human papillomavirus), a virus known to be a major cause of cervical cancer.

Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA)

VIA, or Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid, is a straightforward and budget-friendly screening method. It works by applying vinegar to the cervix and checking for any unusual signs. If anything suspicious is found, more tests may be needed. VIA is especially helpful for women who have limited access to healthcare.

Liquid-based Cytology (LBC)

It's a modified version of the Pap smear. Instead of placing cells directly onto a slide, they're mixed in a liquid solution for analysis. This method aims to reduce the number of insufficient samples and offer dependable results. Additionally, the same sample can be used to detect HPV.

Cervical Cancer Vaccines

Besides screenings, there are cervical cancer injections or vaccines to guard against specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a key culprit in cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine offers extra protection by stopping the infection that leads to cervical cancer. Though it doesn't replace screenings, it enhances cervical cancer prevention.

Cervical Cancer Vaccine Cost in India

India is gearing up for the launch of its first self-developed vaccine to safeguard against cervical cancer, CERVAVAC. 

“Our government will encourage vaccination for girls in the age group of 9 to 14 years for prevention of cervical cancer,” shared Ms. Nirmala Sitharaman, Finance Minister of India in her interim budget speech on 1 February. 

The vaccine costs INR 2,000 per shot. It fights against at least four types of HPV. Giving it to girls aged 9-14, before they have sex, is over 99% effective in stopping cervical cancer.

Other available options are:

● Cervarix: This vaccine is recommended for females aged 10 to 45 years, with two doses given 6-12 months apart. Each dose costs between Rs 2,200-2,600.

● Gardasil 4: For women aged 9-45, either a 2-dose or 3-dose schedule is suggested, given at 0-6 month intervals or at 0, 2, and 6 months. Each dose is priced at Rs 3,500-4,000.

Conclusion

Cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable condition, and regular screenings are key to early detection and intervention. Alongside screenings, vaccines provide an additional layer of protection. By prioritizing regular screenings and staying informed about available vaccines, women can take proactive steps towards cervical cancer prevention, ensuring a healthier and happier future.